[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.zotify.cz\/byla-objevena-nova-trida-geometrickych-tvaru\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.zotify.cz\/byla-objevena-nova-trida-geometrickych-tvaru\/","headline":"Byla objevena nov\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda geometrick\u00fdch tvar\u016f","name":"Byla objevena nov\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda geometrick\u00fdch tvar\u016f","description":"Od Platonovy pr\u00e1ce byly nalezeny dv\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy rovnostrann\u00fdch konvexn\u00edch polyedr\u016f, jak se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 skupina t\u011bchto tvar\u016f. Celkem a\u017e.","datePublished":"2025-03-18","dateModified":"2025-03-18","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.zotify.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.zotify.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/dcb1aeb5e7d95014cdc92e76cf3c72f6b456579bf773ad0081803a6569ffc19c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/dcb1aeb5e7d95014cdc92e76cf3c72f6b456579bf773ad0081803a6569ffc19c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"zotify.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.zotify.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a299053_w2170_t1509126521.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.zotify.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a299053_w2170_t1509126521.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.zotify.cz\/byla-objevena-nova-trida-geometrickych-tvaru\/","wordCount":384,"articleBody":"Od Platonovy pr\u00e1ce byly nalezeny dv\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy rovnostrann\u00fdch konvexn\u00edch polyedr\u016f, jak se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 skupina t\u011bchto tvar\u016f. Celkem a\u017e do dne\u0161ka byly t\u0159i. Nyn\u00ed byla vynalezen\u00e1 nov\u00e1, \u010dtvrt\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda, kter\u00e1 se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Goldbergovy polyedry. Dle pravidel jejich konstrukce se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee existuje nekone\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det takov\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd.  Rovnov\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 konvexn\u00ed polyedry musej\u00ed m\u00edt ur\u010dit\u00e9 vlastnosti. Za prv\u00e9, ka\u017ed\u00e1 ze stran polyedru mus\u00ed m\u00edt stejnou d\u00e9lku. Za druh\u00e9, tvar mus\u00ed m\u00edt dob\u0159e definovan\u00fd vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed povrch, kter\u00fd je od sebe odd\u011blen. Za t\u0159et\u00ed, jak\u00fdkoli bod na \u010d\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e1 spojuje dva body ve tvaru, nesm\u00ed nikdy klesnout mimo tvar.  Platonick\u00e9 pevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda t\u011bchto tvar\u016f, je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e1. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z p\u011bti r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f: tetraedr, krychle, oktaedr, dodekaedr a ikosaedr. Tyto velmi pravideln\u00e9 struktury se b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad atomy uhl\u00edku v diamantu jsou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny v tetraedrick\u00e9m tvaru. B\u011b\u017en\u00e1 s\u016fl a ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed zlato (sulfid \u017eeleza) tvo\u0159\u00ed kubick\u00e9 krystaly a fluorid v\u00e1penat\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed oktaedrick\u00e9 krystaly.  Pro p\u0159edstavu konstrukce polyedru si lze p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee se vezme kostka a ta se vyhod\u00ed do vzduchu jako bal\u00f3n. D\u016fsledkem by bylo vyklenut\u00ed st\u011bny, co\u017e je naru\u0161en\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edho pravidla, proto\u017ee bod na linii, kter\u00e1 spojuje dva body v tomto tvaru, spad\u00e1 mimo tvar. Dal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je s vnit\u0159n\u00edmi \u00fahly. Aby se doc\u00edlilo v\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed bodu do prostoru polyedr, mus\u00ed doj\u00edt k \u00fahlov\u00e9 deformaci a u\u017e by ne\u0161lo o polyedr. Tyto deformovan\u00e9 \u00fahly, ob\u010das nazvan\u00e9 jako dvojit\u00e9, se mohou odstranit jejich \u00faplnou deformaci, tud\u00ed\u017e jejich velikost by byla nulov\u00e1. T\u00edm by se odstranila nekonvexnost v prostoru polyedru a jeho tvar by byl dle definice zachov\u00e1n.  Takov\u00e9 matematick\u00e9 objevy nemaj\u00ed okam\u017eit\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edkladem jsou kupolovit\u00e9 budovy, nemaj\u00ed toti\u017e kru\u017enicovou z\u00e1kladnu, jak se na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1, ale p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed polovi\u010dn\u00ed \u0159ezivo Goldbergova polyedru, skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se z mnoha pravideln\u00fdch tvar\u016f, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed konstrukci v\u00edce pevnosti ne\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed kulat\u00e9ho stavebn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 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